Quick picks
The rankings at a glance
| # | Product | Best for | Score | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ![]() Kick's Gobblin' Thunder Turkey Choke Tube, Mobilchoke, 12 Gauge The Mobil-thread version of Kick's extended, diagonally ported 17-4 stainless turkey tube, rated by Kick's for lead, TSS or other non-toxic loads in four exit diameters (0.655 to 0.670 in) - the one tube on this page you do not have to re-buy when you switch shell types. | Best M3500 choke overallTurkey choke | 9.1out of 10 | Check price on Amazon |
| 2 | ![]() Carlson's Extended Turkey Choke Tube, Beretta/Benelli Mobil, 12 Gauge The same Extended Turkey tube cut for Benelli's older Mobil thread — the Nova, Super Nova, SBE I, M-1, M-3 and M-4 — in five exit diameters from 0.640 to 0.680 in, the widest choice on this page, with a Carlson's chart that starts you at 0.665 in for #4 and 0.650 in for #5 or #6. | Best for plated lead, with sizes to chooseTurkey choke | 8.3out of 10 | Check price on Amazon |
| 3 | ![]() Carlson's TSS Turkey Choke Tube, Beretta/Benelli Mobil, 12 Gauge Carlson's tungsten tube in the Beretta/Benelli Mobil thread a Stoeger M3500 takes, item 38010 at 0.640 in, which Carlson's says is optimized for Federal Premium Heavyweight TSS and works with other makers' turkey shells in shot sizes 7 to 9. | Best if you shoot TSSTurkey choke | 7.4out of 10 | Check price on Amazon |
| 4 | ![]() Indian Creek Black Diamond Strike Turkey Choke Tube, 12 Gauge Indian Creek's #0003 model is the one you want: its fitment table lists "BERETTA/BENELLI, Super Black Eagle I, Super Nova, A300, Stoeger, Mobil" - your shotgun, in print. | Best ported tube that names your gunTurkey choke | 7.4out of 10 | Check price on Amazon |
#ad · Prices are set by Amazon and change often, so we don't print them. Scores are ours, computed from published specs and maker claims with the bands on our methodology page, not from field testing. Photos are illustrative stock. Tap a row for the full write-up.

How we picked
We have not screwed any of these tubes into an M3500 or shot a pattern with one. Every tube here earned its place two ways: a maker's own chart puts it on the thread a Stoeger M3500 uses, and the tube scored on the choke rubric in our published First-Season Score — load compatibility 30%, constriction options 20%, thread fit coverage 20%, build and porting 15%, maker guidance 15% — from maker pages read 2026-09-28. If you are new to chokes altogether, start at the guns and loads hub.
The Stoeger-specific problem is naming. The M3500 shares its choke thread with a long list of Beretta and Benelli guns, and most choke makers file the thread under those brand names rather than yours. That is not a fit problem, it is a shopping problem — and it is why half the reviews you will read online are arguing about the wrong tube.
Which thread a Stoeger M3500 takes
Beretta/Benelli Mobil. Carlson's files this thread as “Beretta/Benelli Mobil style threads (SBE I, Nova & Super Nova, M-1, M-3, M-4, World Class, Legacy (after 2011), Legacy Sport, Montefeltro made prior to 2007)” — a list that does not include the word Stoeger anywhere. Two other makers do name it. Indian Creek's 12 gauge fitment table lists model “#0003 — BERETTA/BENELLI, Super Black Eagle I, Super Nova, A300, Stoeger, Mobil”. JEBS lists its Mobil option as “(Mobl) Benelli M1, SBE 1, Nova, Super Nova, Franchi Affinity, Stoeger M300 & 3500, Tri-Star, Mossberg SA-20, Weatherby, Beretta A-300” — your gun, by model number.
So the rule for an M3500 owner is simple: a tube sold as “Beretta/Benelli Mobil” or “Mobilchoke” is your tube, even though your shotgun is nowhere in the name.
The four tubes, side by side
Every value links to the maker page it came from. A dash means the maker does not publish that figure, and the score treats it as missing rather than assuming the best.
Why Kick's Mobilchoke Gobblin' Thunder ranks first
Two things put it ahead. First, the load rating. Kick's says the Gobblin' Thunder “can be safely used with lead, TSS, or other non-toxic loads,” which is the only rating in this lineup that covers both sides of the shell aisle. On a gun you will still be learning next spring, a tube that does not have to be re-bought when you switch shells is worth real money.
Second, choice. Kick's offers four exit diameters in the Mobil thread — 0.655, 0.660, 0.665 and 0.670 in in black — so after your first session on paper you can go tighter or looser instead of shrugging. The rest of the tube is documented in unusual detail: 17-4 stainless, 4 1/16 in overall with a 1 5/16 in ported section and 2 25/32 in inside the barrel, installed and removed with your fingers, and a published pattern claim of 14 to 16 in at 40 yards.
The honest catch: Kick's publishes no warranty terms at all, where Carlson's covers its tubes for life. And the camo finish is $82 against $72 for the black on Kick's own store, which buys you nothing on a tube that lives inside a barrel.
Lead or TSS: the split that decides your pick
Buy the shells first, then buy the tube the maker rates for them. That order matters more on this thread than most, because Carlson's splits its Mobil turkey tubes cleanly down the middle.
On the lead side, the Carlson's Extended Turkey is rated for “Lead, Copper, Nickel, Bismuth, and Hevi-Shot” and gives you five diameters in this thread (0.640, 0.650, 0.665, 0.675 and 0.680 in, items 19590-19594) — more choice than anything else here. On the tungsten side, Carlson's TSS Turkey item 38010 is a single 0.640 in exit that Carlson's says is optimized for Federal Premium Heavyweight TSS and works with other makers' turkey ammunition in “Smaller shot size 7-9.” If a box of TSS is already on the shelf, buy that and stop reading this section. Our TSS choke picks cover the tungsten lane across gauges, and TSS vs lead turkey loads covers whether the upgrade is worth it for your first season at all.
Indian Creek sits on the lead side too. The Strike “will accommodate all lead and hybrid heavy loads with shot sizes from #2 through #10,” and for tungsten Indian Creek steps back and tells you to check the shell maker's recommendations. What it gives you instead is the clearest fit statement of anybody — model #0003, with Stoeger printed in the table — plus 30 parallel ports and three diameters.
Which constriction should you start with?
Tighter is not automatically better, and Carlson's says as much: its chart is “a starting point; there are exceptions for every shotgun and load.” For a 12 ga Mobil-thread gun, the published starting points look like this.
| What you are shooting | Where the maker says to start | Tube |
|---|---|---|
| #4 lead | 0.665 in (item 19592) | Carlson's Extended Turkey |
| #5 or #6 lead | 0.650 in (item 19591) | Carlson's Extended Turkey |
| 3 in #5 (Kick's own recommendation) | 0.655 to 0.670 in, your pick of four | Kick's Mobilchoke Gobblin' Thunder |
| Lead or hybrid heavy loads, #2 to #10 | 0.660, 0.665 or 0.670 in | Indian Creek Strike #0003 |
| TSS, shot sizes 7 to 9 | 0.640 in (item 38010) | Carlson's TSS Turkey |
Then prove it on paper. Carlson's patterning instruction is a target big enough to hold a 30 in circle, starting at 40 yards, averaged over three to five targets. Indian Creek publishes a nine-step version: a 4 ft square target at 40 yards, find the centre of the pattern rather than your aiming point, trace a 10 in circle there and count the hits. Mississippi State University Extension puts the bar at 100 holes in a 10 in circle at 40 yards. Our walkthrough is how to pattern a turkey gun.
The two makers that print the word Stoeger
This is worth its own section, because it is the thing that turns a guess into a purchase. Indian Creek's 12 ga fitment table names Stoeger in model #0003. JEBS names “Stoeger M300 & 3500” under its Mobl option. Everybody else — Carlson's, Kick's, Primos, Patternmaster — sells you the correct tube under a Beretta or Benelli heading.
The JEBS Head Hunter deserves a mention and not a ranking. Its patented multi-stage bore is real engineering and it names your gun by model, but JEBS publishes no load rating, no material and no warranty terms for the 12 gauge tube. We do not rank a turkey choke whose maker will not say what it is rated to shoot. If you want that tube, buy it with your eyes open.
Fitting it without wrecking the threads
Wipe the barrel threads and the tube threads clean, then start the tube by hand and let it turn smoothly. Indian Creek's instruction on its interchange page is blunt: “Never attempt to force a choke that does not screw in easily.” A small gap is normal — Indian Creek says its tubes are designed to sit with a gap of up to 1/32 in between tube and muzzle, so a tube that does not sit flush is not necessarily wrong.
Extended turkey tubes are hand-tight only. Primos's instruction for its own tubes is “grip the knurled end and hand-tighten only. No tools needed. DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN,” and Kick's says the same about installing and removing with your fingers. Check the tube is still tight after every few shots at the pattern board, and never fire a shell with anything in the barrel.
What a tighter tube cannot fix
The M3500 is a gas-operated 3.5 in semi-auto, which means it will happily feed you more recoil than you want and more range than you have earned. A choke buys pattern density, not marksmanship, and it can quietly take something away up close. The NWTF says it in one line: “With today's ultra-tight chokes, shooting a turkey closer than 20 steps can be tough,” with a description of a quarter-sized pattern at 11 steps and a gobbler that walked away. Its recommended window is 20 to 40 yards. Pattern at 20 and 30 as well as 40.
Where you point it matters as much as what the tube does. Pennsylvania's hunter safety course states the rule for shotgun hunters: “greater success is achieved when hunters shoot at the head and neck area of the bird,” because feathers and heavy wing bones can stop shot from reaching the vitals on a body shot. Our guide to where to aim on a turkey shows what that looks like on a strutting, walking or alert bird.
In detail
The picks, in full
Rank 1

Best M3500 choke overall
Kick's Gobblin' Thunder Turkey Choke Tube, Mobilchoke, 12 Gauge
The Mobil-thread version of Kick's extended, diagonally ported 17-4 stainless turkey tube, rated by Kick's for lead, TSS or other non-toxic loads in four exit diameters (0.655 to 0.670 in) - the one tube on this page you do not have to re-buy when you switch shell types.
Spec sheetSourced · not field-tested by us
How the 9.1 score breaks down
- Load compatibility (30%)
- 10
- Constriction options (20%)
- 8
- Thread fit coverage (20%)
- 9
- Build & porting (15%)
- 10
- Maker guidance (15%)
- 8
What the specs support
- Rated by Kick's for lead AND TSS, so one tube covers whichever shells you end up buying.
- Four exit diameters in the Mobil thread, the widest choice for this gun.
- Kick's publishes the whole geometry: 4 1/16 in overall, 1 5/16 in of porting, 2 25/32 in in the barrel.
- Goes in and out by hand, no wrench.
Where it falls short
- Kick's publishes no warranty terms.
- The Amazon listing title for this tube reads "Bereta/Beneli Stoeger 2000/P350", which names the thread's other guns rather than the M3500 - check the thread, not the title.
- The camo finish costs more than the black ($82 against $72 on Kick's own store).
Skip this if…
…you want a published warranty; Carlson's and Patternmaster both publish lifetime coverage and Kick's publishes none.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Kick's Gobblin' Thunder Turkey Choke Tube, Mobilchoke, 12 Gauge
Rank 2

Best for plated lead, with sizes to choose
Carlson's Extended Turkey Choke Tube, Beretta/Benelli Mobil, 12 Gauge
The same Extended Turkey tube cut for Benelli's older Mobil thread — the Nova, Super Nova, SBE I, M-1, M-3 and M-4 — in five exit diameters from 0.640 to 0.680 in, the widest choice on this page, with a Carlson's chart that starts you at 0.665 in for #4 and 0.650 in for #5 or #6.
Spec sheetSourced · not field-tested by us
How the 8.3 score breaks down
- Load compatibility (30%)
- 7
- Constriction options (20%)
- 9
- Thread fit coverage (20%)
- 9
- Build & porting (15%)
- 9
- Maker guidance (15%)
- 8
What the specs support
- Five exit diameters, the most of any tube on this page, and a Carlson's chart that matches three of them to shot sizes.
- Carlson's names the Nova, Super Nova, SBE I, M-1, M-3 and M-4 on this thread, which is the half of the Benelli line most fit charts gloss over.
- Extends about 1 in past the muzzle; 17-4 heat-treated stainless.
- Lifetime warranty; made in the USA.
Where it falls short
- Not rated for TSS; Carlson's TSS Turkey item 38010 covers this thread instead.
- Not ported.
- The Mobil thread is shared with Beretta, so listings mix the two brands and a title that names only Beretta guns can still be the right tube. Check the thread name, not the brand.
Skip this if…
…your Benelli is an SBE 2 or 3, M-2, Ethos, Vinci or a Montefeltro made after 2007; those take Crio Plus, and Carlson's builds items 67001 to 67004 for that thread.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Carlson's Extended Turkey Choke Tube, Beretta/Benelli Mobil, 12 Gauge
Rank 3

Best if you shoot TSS
Carlson's TSS Turkey Choke Tube, Beretta/Benelli Mobil, 12 Gauge
Carlson's tungsten tube in the Beretta/Benelli Mobil thread a Stoeger M3500 takes, item 38010 at 0.640 in, which Carlson's says is optimized for Federal Premium Heavyweight TSS and works with other makers' turkey shells in shot sizes 7 to 9.
Spec sheetSourced · not field-tested by us
How the 7.4 score breaks down
- Load compatibility (30%)
- 8
- Constriction options (20%)
- 5
- Thread fit coverage (20%)
- 8
- Build & porting (15%)
- 8
- Maker guidance (15%)
- 8
What the specs support
- Carlson's names the exact load it is cut for, which is the shortest route to a working pattern if your first box is tungsten.
- One published number to buy against (0.640 in, item 38010) instead of a menu you have to guess at.
- Lifetime warranty; made in the USA.
Where it falls short
- One exit diameter in this thread, so there is nothing tighter or looser to step to after patterning.
- Carlson's ties it to TSS shot sizes 7 to 9 and names no lead turkey load for it.
- Carlson's own page for this thread does not print the word Stoeger; you are matching on the thread name, not the gun.
Skip this if…
…you are shooting lead or HEVI-Shot type loads; Carlson's builds the Extended Turkey (items 19590-19594) for lead in this same Mobil thread.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Carlson's TSS Turkey Choke Tube, Beretta/Benelli Mobil, 12 Gauge
Rank 4

Best ported tube that names your gun
Indian Creek Black Diamond Strike Turkey Choke Tube, 12 Gauge
Indian Creek's #0003 model is the one you want: its fitment table lists "BERETTA/BENELLI, Super Black Eagle I, Super Nova, A300, Stoeger, Mobil" - your shotgun, in print.
Spec sheetSourced · not field-tested by us
How the 7.4 score breaks down
- Load compatibility (30%)
- 7
- Constriction options (20%)
- 7
- Thread fit coverage (20%)
- 9
- Build & porting (15%)
- 6
- Maker guidance (15%)
- 8
What the specs support
- Up to 3 exit diameters in most thread models, so you can step tighter or looser after patterning.
- Fits 11 thread models, including the Mossberg 500, Remington, Mossberg 835/935 and Benelli (per Indian Creek's fitment guide).
- Ported and hand-tightened with no wrench (per Indian Creek).
- Indian Creek publishes a step-by-step 40-yard patterning process with a 10 in circle count.
Where it falls short
- Not rated for TSS: Indian Creek tells TSS shooters to check the shell maker's recommendations.
- Indian Creek does not name the tube's material.
- Indian Creek may charge a restocking fee to replace a tube bought for the wrong thread, so confirm your gun's system first.
Skip this if…
…you plan to shoot TSS and want a tube the maker itself rates for it; Indian Creek defers TSS guidance to the shell makers.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Indian Creek Black Diamond Strike Turkey Choke Tube, 12 Gauge
Buyer's guide: your first M3500 turkey tube
The M3500 sells as an affordable 3.5 in semi-auto, and that is exactly the gun people buy as a do-everything shotgun and then take turkey hunting. The factory tube that came in the box was cut for clays and ducks. A dedicated turkey choke is the cheapest meaningful upgrade the gun will get: it squeezes the pattern into the 10 in circle where a gobbler's head and neck live, which the NWTF puts at roughly 4 square inches of actual target.
Four things to settle, in this order:
- Confirm the thread. M3500, M3000, M3020, P350 → Beretta/Benelli Mobil. If you also own a Benelli SBE 2 or 3, that one is Crio Plus and takes a different tube.
- Buy the shells. Plated lead points you at Carlson's Extended Turkey or Indian Creek's Strike. TSS points you at Carlson's TSS Turkey, item 38010. Either points you at Kick's.
- Pick the constriction from the maker's chart and expect to test more than one shell.
- Pattern it. Nothing above is true until your gun prints it on paper at 40 yards.
On budget: there is no cut-price tube in this lineup, and that is deliberate. Primos's wallet-friendly Tight Wad is sold by thread rather than by gun and Primos does name a Mobil version, but it publishes no fit list of gun models, so we will not rank it on a page about one specific shotgun. It is the budget pick on our best turkey chokes roundup, where matching the thread is your job. Patternmaster also sells a 12 ga Benelli/Beretta Mobil version of its Code Black Turkey if you want a fifth option to research.
One honest note about range. Choke makers publish generous numbers and shell makers publish more generous ones still. Missouri's conservation department, writing for new hunters, says plainly that “shooting at a turkey at more than 40 yards is not recommended, regardless of which gauge shotgun is used.” Read how far you can actually shoot a turkey before you trust any yardage claim, including a maker's.
How we picked this
Gear we claim to have field-tested: none
Plenty of turkey sites say they ran every call on the list all spring. We don't say that, and we say so on every page. What we do instead: read each maker's published specs, materials and instructions; note the sounds a maker says a call makes and how it says the call handles rain; check a choke's load ratings and thread chart; compare published weights, pockets and seat heights; and score all of it on a published rubric built around a first-season hunter. Every spec links to where it came from.
Scores are computed from that documented research with fixed bands, not field trials. Commissions never set a score or decide a pick. The rubric and its bands are published.
Corrections & updates
- First published. Thread charts and specs read from maker pages 2026-09-28.
Questions
Frequently asked
What choke tubes fit a Stoeger M3500?
Beretta/Benelli Mobil tubes. Indian Creek names Stoeger in its #0003 fitment row and JEBS names “Stoeger M300 & 3500” under its Mobl option; Carlson's and Kick's sell the correct tube under Beretta/Benelli Mobil and Mobilchoke headings respectively.
Will a Benelli choke fit a Stoeger M3500?
Only a Benelli Mobil choke. Carlson's files the SBE I, Nova, Super Nova, M-1, M-3 and M-4 on the Mobil thread, and the SBE II and III, M-2, Vinci and Ethos on Crio Plus. Mobil fits your M3500; Crio Plus does not.
What is the best turkey choke for a Stoeger M3500 shooting TSS?
Carlson's TSS Turkey in the Beretta/Benelli Mobil thread, item 38010 at 0.640 in. Carlson's says it is optimized for Federal Premium Heavyweight TSS and works with other makers' turkey ammunition in smaller shot sizes 7 to 9. Kick's Mobilchoke is the alternative if you want one tube rated for lead as well.
What constriction should I start with in an M3500?
Carlson's chart for the Ber/Ben Mobile 12 ga row starts at 0.665 in for #4 lead and 0.650 in for #5 and #6. Kick's offers 0.655 to 0.670 in and recommends a 3 in #5 shell. Indian Creek's #0003 comes in 0.660, 0.665 and 0.670 in. Carlson's calls its chart a starting point, so pattern before you decide.
Does the Stoeger M3000 or M3020 take the same choke?
The M3000 does: JEBS lists “Stoeger M300 & 3500” together on its Mobl option, and both are 12 gauge Mobil-thread guns. For a 20 gauge Stoeger, check the maker's 20 ga row rather than assuming — Indian Creek's 20 ga #0013 covers “Beretta/Benelli, Franchi Affinity, M1, Mobil, Moss SA”.
Do I need an aftermarket choke at all for turkey hunting?
If you plan to shoot past about 25 yards, yes. A factory tube is cut for general use; a turkey constriction is .045 in or more on Carlson's published chart against .030 in for Full. Our comparison of turkey choke vs full choke works through what that costs you at 40 yards.
Did you test these chokes?
No. None of them was installed or fired. Thread fits, exit diameters, load ratings, materials and warranties come from each maker's own pages, read 2026-09-28, and every figure in the table links to its source.
Keep reading
Related on Strut & Slate
- Best turkey chokesThe full 12 ga lineup, including the budget tube and the lead-versus-TSS split.
- Best turkey choke for a BenelliThe same thread question on the brand your M3500 shares it with.
- Best turkey chokes for TSSIf your shells are tungsten, start here instead.
- How to pattern a turkey gunThe 40-yard, 10-inch-circle routine that proves your new tube.
- Best semi-automatic turkey shotgunsWhere the M3500 sits among the semi-autos, if the gun is not bought yet.
- Turkey choke vs full chokeWhether the factory tube in the box will do for a first season.
Receipts
Sources
- Carlson's Choke Tubes — Beretta Benelli Mobil Carlson's TSS Turkey Choke Tubes, 12 ga, item 38010 (read 2026-09-22)
- Carlson's Choke Tubes — Beretta/Benelli Mobil Extended Turkey Choke Tubes, 12 ga, items 19590-19594 (read 2026-09-24)
- Carlson's Choke Tubes — Interchange guide: Benelli Mobil shotguns (SBE I, Nova, Super Nova, M-1, M-3, M-4 and others) (read 2026-09-24)
- Carlson's Choke Tubes — Interchange guide: Benelli Crio/Crio Plus shotguns (SBE 2 & 3, M-2, Vinci, Ethos, Montefeltro, 828U and others) (read 2026-09-24)
- Carlson's Choke Tubes — Choke Tube Information page: 17-4 PH stainless, patterning information, turkey choke chart by load size (read 2026-09-22)
- Carlson's Choke Tubes — Choke Tube Interchange Guide, incl. .410 entries (read 2026-09-22)
- Carlson's Choke Tubes — product category sitemap, thread-system categories per turkey line and gauge (read 2026-09-22)
- Indian Creek Shooting Systems — 12 Gauge Turkey Choke Tubes (Black Diamond Strike) product page and fitment guide (read 2026-09-22)
- Indian Creek Shooting Systems — About page (30 parallel ports, hand-tightened, CNC machined) (read 2026-09-22)
- Indian Creek Shooting Systems — Tips And Tactics: patterning process at 40 yards, TSS guidance (read 2026-09-22)
- Indian Creek Shooting Systems — Interchange page (read 2026-09-22)
- Indian Creek Shooting Systems — Customer Service page (defect guarantee) (read 2026-09-22)
- Kick's Industries — Mobilchoke Gobblin' Thunder 12G product page (Mobil thread version for the Nova, Super Nova and SBE I) (read 2026-09-24)
- Kick's Industries — Gobblin' Thunder Turkey Choke Tubes page (17-4 PH, ported, lead/TSS statement, choke selector) (read 2026-09-22)
- Kick's Industries — store product data (products.json), Gobblin' Thunder listings by thread system and gauge (read 2026-09-22)
- Kick's Industries — Our Guarantee page (no warranty terms shown) (read 2026-09-22)
- JEBS Choke Tubes — JEBS Turkey Choke 12 Gauge Head Hunter product page (read 2026-09-22)
- JEBS Choke Tubes — Shipping & Returns page (read 2026-09-22)
- Primos — Tight Wad Turkey Choke Tubes, Invector 12 ga .660, SKU PS6774 (read 2026-09-22)
- Primos — Warranty page, general warranty coverage (read 2026-09-22)
- Patternmaster — store product data (products.json), Code Black Turkey listings by thread system and gauge (read 2026-09-22)
- Mississippi State University Extension — How to Pattern a Shotgun for Turkey Hunting (P3234) (read 2026-09-22)
- NWTF — Is the Age-Old Pattern Rule Still Viable? (read 2026-09-22)
- NWTF — Anatomy of a Miss: Why Turkey Hunters Whiff and How to Avoid It (read 2026-09-22)
- Hunter-ed.com (Pennsylvania Hunter Safety Course) — Where to Aim When Turkey Hunting (read 2026-09-22)
- Missouri Department of Conservation — Turkey Hunting Equipment (read 2026-09-22)
- Missouri Department of Conservation — Turkey: Regulations (read 2026-09-22)
- New York State DEC — Turkey Hunting (read 2026-09-22)
We don't claim to have field-tested, owned or hunted with the products on this page. Specs come from the maker's own product pages and manuals (or a named dealer's copy when the maker's site blocked us), sound and performance claims are attributed to the maker, and any third-party observation is attributed to whoever made it. Amazon prices change often, so we don't print them. Where a figure isn't published, we say so and it earns the lowest band. Read the full method.